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Gems are cut in a variety of different ways. Oftentimes, transparent stones are cut with facets to maximize the color, except when it comes to diamonds. Stones like jade, opal and onyx may have a smooth, domed shape known as a cabochon. Other stones, like cameos, are intricately carved.
Another variable that goes into the value of a gemstone is carat weight. Since 1907, the universal standard one carat has been exactly 200 milligrams or about the weight of a single paperclip. Typically, gemstones that have a higher weight are more rare and therefore higher in value. However, if you’re comparing gemstones composed of different materials, there will be differences in carat weight even if the gemstones are the same size.
Some stones, such as aquamarine and citrine, have minimal inclusions. However, gemstones, like emeralds and rubies, tend to have more. In certain stones, the presence of inclusion can actually increase the value because they may enhance the color or add unique characteristics.
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